The Cobalt Origin Record is the definitive compliance intelligence hub for cobalt supply chain due diligence. Cobalt is a critical raw material embedded in lithium-ion batteries, superalloys, and catalysts — and it is subject to an expanding matrix of international regulations targeting forced labour, conflict financing, environmental harm, and carbon disclosure.

70%Global supply from DRC
200k+Artisanal miners in DRC
12+Active regulations
2027EU Battery Reg. full enforcement

Regulatory Landscape

Cobalt supply chains are governed by a complex web of regulations spanning the EU, US, and international bodies. The EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542 requires battery manufacturers to disclose cobalt content, origin, and carbon footprint from 2026. The OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Mineral Supply Chains provides the foundational framework adopted by most corporate policies. In the US, the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA) creates a rebuttable presumption that goods from Xinjiang — a region with cobalt processing facilities — are made with forced labour.

Key Compliance Areas

EU Battery Regulation

Mandatory due diligence, carbon footprint declarations, and recycled content thresholds for cobalt in EV and industrial batteries.

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OECD Due Diligence

Five-step framework for responsible mineral sourcing. The global standard referenced by the EU, US, and OECD member states.

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Conflict Minerals (EU)

EU Regulation 2017/821 on responsible sourcing of tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold from conflict-affected areas — with cobalt under review.

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UFLPA (US)

US Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act. Rebuttable presumption applies to goods processed in Xinjiang, including cobalt refining.

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Dodd-Frank Section 1502

SEC disclosure requirement for US-listed companies using conflict minerals from the DRC region.

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CSDDD (EU)

EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive — mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence across value chains.

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Sourcing Countries

The Democratic Republic of Congo accounts for approximately 70% of global cobalt mine production, with significant artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) activity raising persistent human rights concerns. Other major producers include Zambia, Australia, the Philippines, Russia, Cuba, and Madagascar.

DR Congo (DRC)

~70% of global supply. Katanga Province. Significant ASM sector. OECD Annex II risk area.

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Zambia

Copperbelt Province. Large-scale industrial mining. Lower ASM risk than DRC.

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Australia

Murrin Murrin, Ravensthorpe. Laterite deposits. Low geopolitical risk.

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Philippines

Laterite nickel-cobalt deposits. Environmental compliance issues.

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Russia

Norilsk Nickel. Sanctions risk post-2022. LME responsible sourcing concerns.

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Cuba

Moa Bay. Mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP) exports. US sanctions apply.

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